| hui's profile贵州一张PhotosBlogLists |  Tools  Help |
|
October 21 国外社会学前几个月
所里重整山河
资料室的历年资料就让学生随便拿
我把96年到03年的《国外社会学》合订本又拿了一套，
呵呵
（06级的师弟更是猛人，推了一（搬运）车走）
何老 将一些文献目录整理了
因为有共同感兴趣的
就发给我，我就坐享其成了
也放在这里，共享资源吧
中国（海外）研究文献目录
[日]迫田章子，1996，《中国户籍与日本户籍的比较》，《国外社会学》，第3期 [美]A.罗纳塔斯，1996，《昔日风云人物还是今日弄潮儿吗？》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美]林南，1996，《地方性市场社会主义：中国农村地方发团主义之实际运行》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美]尤里.莫尼奇，《科尔奈的思想与俄罗斯的改革》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [英]彭轲，1998，《官僚体系、朋友与金钱：中国资本主义的成长》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美]托尼•塞奇(Tony Saich).2006.《盲人摸象：中国地方政府分析》，载《经济社会体制比较》，第4期 [美]戴慧思(Deborah Davis)2000. 《二十世纪九十年代的不平等和分层》，《国外社会学》，第5期 [美]大卫.斯塔克，2000，《选择性的讨价还价――从比较的角度对企业内部劳动力市场的再思考》，《国外社会学》，第5期 [美]德里克，1998，《中国历史与东方主义问题》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美]韩格里、费因斯塔，1998，《不同种类的等级制度与市场》：一个导论》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美]周雪光，2001，《国家社会主义的分层动力机制：中国城市案例，1949－1993》，《国外社会学》，第3期 [美]J.N.巴伦、W.T.比尔比，2001，《分割经济中的工作组织》，《国外社会学》，第3期 [美]梁秋生，2002，《中国计划生育政策德演变过程及其成效》，《国外社会学》，第2期 Brandt Loren, Ji kun Huang, Guo Li, and Scott Rozelle(eds.). 2002. “Land Rights in Rural China: Facts, Fictions and Issues.” The China Journal 47(January):67-97 Gold, Thomas, Doug Guthrie, and David Wank. 2002. Social Connections in China New York: Cambrdge University Press Goldstein, Steven M. 1995. “China in Transition: The Political Foundations of Incremental Reform.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(December):1105-1131 Guo, Xiaoqin. 2003. State and Society in China’s Democratic Transtions-----Confucianism, Leninism, and Economic Development New York: Routledge Luo, Qi. 1995. “The Review of China’s Rural Enterpreneurs: Ten Case Studies.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(December):1215-1217 Manion, Melanie. 1985. “The Cadre Management System, Post-Mao: The Appointment, Promotion, Transfer and Removal of Party and State Leaders.” The China Quarterly 102(June):203-233 Schoenhals, Michael. 1999. “Political Movements, Change and Stability: The Chinese Communist Party in Power.” The China Quarterly, The People’s Republics of China After 50 years, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(September):1020-1046 Nee, Victor, and David Stark. 1989. Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism: China and Eastern Europe California: Stanford University Press Nee, Victor, and Rebecca Matthews. 1996. “Market Transition and Societal Transformation in Reforming State Socialism.” Annual Review of Sociology 22:401-435 Nee, Victor. 1989. “A Theory of Market Transition: From Redistribution to Markets in State Socialism.” American Sociological Review 45(5):663-681(October) [美]维克多.尼，2001，《市场经济的兴起：中国社会分层机制的变迁》，《国外社会学》，第3期 [美]维克多.尼、马修斯，1998，《国家社会主义改革中的市场过渡与社会转型》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美]大卫.斯塔克、维克多.尼，1996，《走向对社会主义的制度分析》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美] 维克多.尼，1996，《市场转型理论：社会主义社会从再分配向市场转型》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 Oi, Jean C. 1995. “The Role of the Local State in China’s Transitional Economy.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(December):1132-1149 [美]简.奥伊，1996.《当代中国的国家与农民》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 Oksenberg, Michel. 2001. “China’s Political Systems: Challenges of the Twenty-First Century.” The China Journal 45(January):21-35 Peng, YaLi. 1998. “Democracy and Chinese Political Discourses.” Modern China 24(4):408-444(October) Perry, Elizabeth J. 1989. “State and Society in Contemporary China.” World Politcs 41(4):579-591(July) Perry, Elizabeth J. 1994. “Trends in the study of Chinese Politics: State-society relations.” The China Quarterly 139(September):704-713 Perry, Elizabeth J., and Christine Wong(eds). 1985. The Political Economy of Reform in Post-Mao China New York: Harvard University press Rawski, Thomas G. 1995. “The Implication of China’s Reform.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(December):1150-1173 Rosenbaum, Lewis(ed). 1992. State and Society in China-----The Consequences of Reform Colorado: Westview Press Shambaugh, David. 1992. “The Review of Perspectives on Modern China: Four Anniversaries.” The China Quarterly 132(December):1181-1183 Shue, Vivienne. 1988. The Reach of the State-----Sketches of the Chinese Body Politic California: Stanford University Press Shue, Vivienne. 1993. “The review of State and Society in China: The Consequences of Reform.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: Deng XiaoPing: An Assessment, 135(September):604-606 Shue, Vivienne. 1995. “Grasp Reform: Economic Logic, Political Logic, and the State-Society Spiral.” The China Quarterly 144(December):1174-1185 Sicular, Terry. 1995. “Redefining the State, Plan and Market: China’s Reform in Agriculture Commerce.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(December):1020-1046 Walder, Andrew G.1994. “the Decline of Communist Power: Elements of Institutional Change.” Theory and Society, Special Issue on the Theoretical Implications of the Demise of State Socialism， 23(2):297-323(April) Walder, Andrew G.1995. “China’s Transitional Economy: Interpreting Its Significance.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(December):963:979 Walder, Andrew G., BoBai Li, and Donald J. Treiman. 2000. “Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime: Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite, 1949 to 1996.” American Sociological Review,65(2):191-209(April) [美]华尔德(Andrew G. Walder).1996. 《共产党社会的新传统主义――中国工业中的工作环境和权力结构》，龚小夏译，牛津大学出版社 [美]沃尔德（Andrew G. Walder），2002，《中国城市精英德二元职业路径：1949－1996》，《国外社会学》，第2期 [美]沃尔德（Andrew G. Walder），2002，《政党庇护下的职业晋升――中国行政管理精英的庇护性流动，1949－1996》，《国外社会学》，第5期 [美]沃尔德（Andrew G. Walder），1996，《作为工业厂商的地方政府》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 [美]沃尔德（Andrew G. Walder），1991，《关于中国城市单位制度的经济社会学研究》，《国外社会学》，第5期 Whiting, Susan H. 2001. Power and Wealth New York: Cambrdge University Press Whyte, Martin King. 1974. Small Groups and Political Rituals in China California: Stanford University Press Whyte, Martin King. 1995. “The Social Roots of China’s Economic Development.” The China Quarterly, Special Issue: China’s Transitional Economy, 144(December):999-1019 怀默霆(Martin King Whyte)，2000，《中国发展中的城市与农村》，《国外社会学》，第5期 Wong, Shue Tuck, and Su Sheng Han. 1998. “Whither China’s Market Economy? the Case of LiJjin Zhen.” Geographical Review 88(1):29-46(January) 吴敬链，《共和国经济50年》，中国宏观经济信息网
贺雪峰，2005，《论村级负债的区域差异——农民行动单位的视角》，载《管理世界》，第11期 王润雷，2004，《全国村级债务形成的几个阶段及成因》，《中国农业会计》，第4期。 吴飞，1998，《海外中国研究片论》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 李强，1996，《关于国外人口流动研究文献的回顾》，《国外社会学》，第3期 洪大用，1996，《关于家庭与农民迁移进程之关系》的研究，《国外社会学》，第3期 史威琳，1996，《关于发展中国家由农村向城市的人口迁移》，《国外社会学》，第3期 冯仕政，1996，《城乡人口流动对其农村来源地的影响》，《国外社会学》，第3期 周红云，1996，《乡村人口向外流动与收入分配间的关系》，《国外社会学》，第3期 孙立平，1996，《社会主义研究中的新制度主义理论》，《国外社会学》，第5-6期 李路路，2001，《社会分层的不同观点》，《国外社会学》，第3期 October 13 4,5,64.The political economy of local poverty reduction: Economic growth, poverty reduction and the state in two Chinese provinces Abstract (Document Summary) How do we reduce rural poverty? This is an urgent question, given that more than 1.1 billion people live under the international poverty line of US$1 per person per day. Most mainstream economists support one hypothesis: economic growth generally reduces poverty. However, this hypothesis, recently embodied in a controversial World Bank study, offers few alternatives for economies that are unable to grow, or for cases in which economic growth fails to reduce or actually exacerbates poverty. This dissertation examines alternative solutions for poverty reduction. It does not attack the link between economic growth and poverty reduction, but instead investigates cases that have defied this relationship, comparing them to theoretical models on poverty reduction derived from the development and state-market literatures. Data from two of China's poorest provinces reveal a puzzle: Guizhou's rural poverty rate declined despite stagnant growth, while Yunnan's high economic growth rate largely failed to reduce rural poverty. Based on the findings of Western and Chinese scholarship, statistical data from a variety of organizations, Chinese experts and government officials, and fieldwork in the two provinces, four factors--roads, migration, tourism, and coal mining--appear to be crucial in explaining this puzzle. Differences in how these four factors are distributed and structured in the two provinces explain their disparate patterns of economic growth and poverty reduction. Yunnan's case reveals that an outwardly-oriented developmental state, one that focuses on large-scale, urban-oriented development, failed to reduce poverty, even though it succeeded in stimulating economic growth. The way the factors were structured in the province largely precluded participation of poor people in the opportunities generated by Yunnan's economic expansion. By contrast, Guizhou's example reveals that a micro-oriented state, one that promotes small-scale, relatively low-skill economic opportunities, can successfully reduce poverty, notwithstanding the lack of rapid economic growth, by allowing poor people access to such opportunities. Despite the unique attributes of these cases, the insights and models derived from this study can be judiciously considered by other economies seeking to reduce rural poverty. The conclusions also have implications for our understanding of poverty, development and the relationship between state and market.
5. Education for development? A case study of Guizhou, China Abstract (Document Summary) Education is a transnational institution. The practice of basic education is not only a process of knowledge transfer, but also a process of knowledge transformation. However, the educational contexts and experiences of the people in the "locality" have always been neglected and tend to remain invisible in the macro development discourse. The thesis is a case study of Fengsheng Xiang, a township of Leishan, Guizhou Province. I tried to look into the interface of the rural schooling between the state, community and the individuals from the standpoint of "locality". Taking locality as a dimension including physical and human environment, time and space, contexts of local history and relationships, the study explores the true picture of the practice of basic education from daily life experience of the individuals there. Is it true that education contributes to development? It is necessary to go back to the local context to answer the question. Between 1998 and 2002, I visited Guizhou four times for conducting enthrographic data collection. The thesis describes how the local government and community take up the financial responsibility of general basic education after 1985. The case also shows that concepts like school fee, enrolment, going up to higher grade and social mobility, have different meanings in the rural economic context. From various stories of the informats, the study finds out that the concept "translocation" is important, and people who are willing to "returning home" always bring contributions to the local community. The interface of schooling, there emerges the hierarchical order of knowledge from different situations, reflects how the basic education is practicing in complete different economic and social context. The thesis also delineates the paradox and complexity of the concept of development. It tells us that the process of the practice of education may not be a single unilateral process of knowledge transfer, the complex transformation usually accompanies with the choices and autonomy of the agent. The hidden ways of knowing implicates an imbalance power relation, which have not enough been considered from the needs of the locality, has made great impact on the community development. As a result, the poor rural regions cannot be developed, and they even have been further marginalized. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
6. Ethnicity in China: Reviewing ethnicity in light of ethnic tourism in Southwest China Abstract (Document Summary) This thesis reviews the anthropological approaches to the study of the ethnic minorities in Southwest China. It sets out to demonstrate the limitations engendered by studies focusing on the process of ethnicity and the relative absence of 'ordinary local peasants' (villagers not involved in the dialogue of ethnicity) in anthropological research of villages in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Furthermore, this paper reveals the need for in-depth local studies in order to understand the impact of ethnic tourism on local identity construction. 3Chinese ethnography in the eighteenth century: Miao albums of Guizhou Province
by Hostetler, Laura, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1995, 405 pages; AAT 9532199 Advisor: Naquin, Susan School: University of Pennsylvania School Location: United States -- Pennsylvania Source: DAI-A 56/05, p. 1934, Nov 1995 Source type: Dissertation Subjects: History, Cultural anthropology, Art History Publication Number: AAT 9532199 ProQuest document ID: 742068731 Abstract (Document Summary)
This dissertation explores the collection and categorization of knowledge exemplified in illustrated ethnographic texts on eighteenth-century China's southwestern frontier populations. These documents, known as "Miao albums," were initially designed to educate officialdom as to the habits and customs of different minority ethnic groups, thereby allowing them to govern more effectively. The dissertation contextualizes these Chinese ethnographic documents in the historical, political, and social milieu in which they were created; explores their genesis and development over time; compares them with other, imperially commissioned representations of the Qing (1644-1911) empire; and finally considers them in light of scholarship on the development of ethnographic representation in the West. Altogether I have examined eighty-two albums housed in museums and libraries in Asia, the United States, and Europe. Sixty-five of these albums concerned peoples living in Guizhou province. Albums also exist for Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, and Taiwan. An appendix contains full bibliographical information on each.
Although the Miao albums are a product of the eighteenth century, they have roots in earlier pictorial and textual representations including imperially commissioned illustrations of tributary peoples and relevant sections of the standard histories of China's dynasties. Yet, the Miao albums and contemporaneous textual accounts differ in quality and substance from earlier accounts in their emphasis on direct observation, increasingly complex system of categorization and naming, and level of detail regarding social customs and geographic location.
I propose there is a link between the Qing Dynasty's "visualization" of minority peoples on paper, and the will to understand, define, and control its subjects and territory. In their manner of collecting, organizing, and conveying information, the albums suggest a degree of familiarity with political technologies that harness the acquisition of "scientific" knowledge to the goals of the state. In the epilogue I raise the question of whether a shift in epistemology may have accounted for the development of eighteenth-century Chinese ethnography, and whether this shift may have been catalyzed by the presence of European Jesuit missionaries at the Qing court. 2Subject and representation: Identity politics in southeast Guizhou Abstract (Document Summary) This thesis investigates identity politics among some diverse native groups in southwest China in the making of the contemporary Chinese nation-state. It explores the processes by which these groups in and outside the province of Guizhou were merged to form the Miao ethnic minority in various forms during the late imperial period, the Nationalist regime, and the People's Republic, whereas the Ge in Southeast Guizhou struggled against the official classification which has considered them as Miao since the 1950s. A particular focus is on a social movement launched by the Ge elite to appeal for recognition as a unitary minority during the post-Mao reforms through the construction of new local histories, the resurrection of ritual practices, and the staging of cultural performances for tourists. The analysis of these historical processes allows the author to explicate how the minority subject in contemporary China has been constituted, defined and negotiated through subjects' interactions with particular authorities under specific social and historical conditions; how dominant discourses have worked to standardize ethnicity; and how identity politics among the natives has contributed to the entrenchment of the "ethnicity model" that has shaped the social order on the margins of the Chinese nation-state. The author approaches the issues of identity politics by exploring how representational practices constitute the subject under specific historical and social conditions. He finds that the dominant authority, through its discursive representations, postulates subject-positions that define individuals in terms of specific power relationships with the authority; yet it is through "self-representation" that individuals transform those subject-positions into conscious identity. The main task of this thesis is to investigate how native elites undertook self-representation in relation to dominant discursive representation to define themselves under specific historical and social conditions, and how they subsequently promoted their acquired vision of identity in the native community. This politics of representation worked to fix the multiple and non-fixed subject, yet the author also explicates how the condensation of identity proceeded through the mediation of multiple subject-positions--such as kinship, class and gender--in the Ge social movement, sometimes in orchestration and sometimes in contestation. 几篇关于贵州的论文 11.Education and identity: A case study of the Christian Miao ethnic group in Shimenkan, Guizhou (1900--1949)
by Cheung, Wai-Chun, Ph.D., Chinese University of Hong Kong (People's Republic of China), 1999, 257 pages; AAT 9951507 Advisor: King, Choi Po School: Chinese University of Hong Kong (People's Republic of China) School Location: Hong Kong Index terms(keywords): Identity, Christian, Miao, Ethnic group, Shimenkan, Guizhou, China, Chinese text Source: DAI-A 60/11, p. 3959, May 2000 Source type: Dissertation Subjects: Educational sociology, Education history, Minority & ethnic groups, Sociology, History Publication Number: AAT 9951507 ISBN: 0599553766 ProQuest document ID: 730234141 Abstract (Document Summary)
The dissertation is a historical case study of the Flowery Miao in Shimenkan from 1900-49. Historically, the Flowery Miao , a non-Han ethnic group, has been living in the north-western mountainous areas of Guizhou, and had long been isolated from the central government and Han culture. They had been stigmatized as " Miao-man " (uncivilized barbarian) in traditional Chinese history. Starting from the Ching dynasty, the Flowery Miao was ruled over by Yi-zu , an ethnic group who had been appointed as " Earth-eye " (local landlord) by the dynasty in peripheral areas. However, by the coming of western missionaries in early twentieth century, the Flowery Miao had undergone a Christian conversion movement through which a network of churches and schools were established in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuen provinces.
During the time of Republican China, educational and social development in Shimenkan grew drastically and later it was called the "holy place of Miao nationality's culture revival" and "heaven from abroad". Besides, the educational development in Shimenkan had also trained the first generation of Miao intellectuals and helped in constructing the ethnic identity of Flowery Miao . However, in nineteenth-thirties, in order to build a modern nation-state in China, the Republican government had decided to reconstruct the "Chinese" identity by integrating all the ethnic groups into the family of " Zhong-hua Min-zu ". Thus Shimenkan was chosen to implement the assimilation policy. The dissertation will explore the conflict and negotiation process between the state and local ethnic group.
Lastly, the dissertation does not intend to identify who is "real" Miao , or to define a static, essential, primordial set of criteria for being a true Miao , but to identify the meaning of " Miao " in the Christian ethnic group in Shimenkan, Guizhou. The Flowery Miao have constructed their identities by embracing Christianity in the early twentieth century and have had to reconstruct it after 1949. Dealing with the Western missionaries, the Chinese Republican government, and the local landlords, the Flowery Miao in Shimenkan attempted to reconcile both ethnic identity and Christian identity by developing education and written language which in turn signify themselves literately and culturally. Furthermore, the case of Shimenkan reveals the complicated process of intergrating ethnic minorities into the "Chinese" family and the construction of a new nation-state during the Republican era. The dissertation will also seek to rethink the discourse of " Zhong-hua Min-zu " in the modern Chinese history. October 10 傈僳族人的《圣经》傈僳族人的《圣经》 作者： 林茨 阿兰•库克（Allyn B.Cooke），1896年生于美国旧金山，毕业于洛杉机圣经学院，1918年参加中华基督教内地会，成为传教士。他来中国后，立志到西南山地少数民族中传教，1920年在云南被任命为牧师。经英国传教士傅立叶牧师介绍，他于1922正式开始到傈僳人聚居的乡间工作，足迹遍及该省几乎所有有傈僳人居住的地区。从1918年首次来中国，到1947年离开怒江大峡谷的里吾底村，除去短暂的休假，他在云南度过近三十个年头。 阿兰•库克，汉人称为杨思慧先生，是专业神职人员，也是一名学究，他的时间除了宣教、与教民见面，大部分都消磨在书斋里。热情开朗的库克夫人（Leila R.Cooke），也被为伊里沙白或杨夫人，则擅长与社会下层百姓，尤其是妇女、儿童沟通。他们在汉族地区传教时，充分了解了中国风俗，向中国农民学习自给自足的生存之道，并乐此不疲。 英国人傅立叶（J.O.Fraser）据说是第一个接触傈僳人的传教者。他在辛亥革命前后来到傈僳人聚居的滇西地区，并于1938年在那里去世。傅牧师开始在滇西传教时，傈僳人尚无自己的文字。在这位英国人的头脑中，于是产生了创造一种简易的傈僳文字，以便使傈僳人直接读懂《圣经》的念头。另一位牧师，缅甸的巴东也参与了傈僳文最初方案的设计。但将基督教义用新创的傈僳文，编写成今日傈僳族教民手里的《新约全书》和《颂主歌曲集》的，却是步他们后尘而来的库克夫妇。 1933年，库克夫妇与他们在当地的助手旺丽夫妇历经艰辛，终于来到属于今日怒江州福贡县的里吾底村，他们把家安在里吾底坡的一个平台上。里吾底的老人回忆道：库克牧师的家是一幢向阳的房子。西房是卧室，中间是客厅，也是他们的工作室。东间是厨房，外间是医药室，宽敞的客厅通着外面的阳台。阳台对面是一大块园子，四周围着竹木栅栏，园中种着白菜、葱、蒜、辣子、菠菜等蔬菜和草莓，园子一角栽着一棚洋丝瓜，由于土质好，精心护理，所种的蔬菜都长得很旺。当时的傈僳人尚没有种菜的习惯，看到牧师家种的菜发得很景气，就向他们要种子，请教种菜的方法。库克夫妇很慷慨地将种子送给各人，耐心传授种蔬菜的相关知识，里吾底人从此学会种菜。 史富相是经库克夫人接生的里吾底孩子，壮年时期曾经担任过福贡县县长。据他回忆，库克夫妇虽然受中华基督教内地会的派遣和资助，然而在里吾底，他们基本过着一种自给自足的生活。这对夫妇并不像那些内心焦虑、急功近利的福音传教士，他们忠实于上帝，同时不缺乏面对苦难的现实世界所需的爱心耐性，他们要以自己的生活作为示范，对傈僳人产生影响。除了粮食从外面购买，他们自己种植水果和蔬菜，从外面引进许多傈僳人从未见过的品种，其中包括西红柿、茄子和青菜。他们还养了一匹马，几头奶羊和一群鸡，基本满足了日常的需要。老人们回忆说，正是看见他们充实愉快的生活，傈僳人才更相信他们、更愿与他们接触。 理吾底人很少有人叫得出牧师和夫人的英文或汉文姓名，他们用自己的语言，管牧师叫“阿益打”，意为“尊敬的大哥”，管夫人叫“阿子打”，意思是“尊敬的大姐”。在他们眼里，阿子打多才多艺，最具亲和力。她擅长弹奏风琴，常在丈夫演奏小提琴时为之伴奏，还喜欢绘画和剪裁衣裤，同时又是位妇幼科大夫，为村里的农民治病送药。农民的妻子生孩子前，她向那家人打招呼，到时亲自去接生，这是她特有的传教方式。傈僳人原只懂得以杀牲祭鬼驱病消灾，被阿子打治好病并入了教的山民，自然与信鬼好巫的从前告别。史富相童年时，舌头先天有轻微的畸形，故发音困难，阿子打为他做了简单的矫形手术，他才得以恢复正常。阿子打还将文娱和体育活动带进了傈僳人的生活，她的两个孩子，大卫和约瑟，也都生于滇西傈僳人聚居地。 为了翻译《新约全书》，阿益打和阿子打决定学会全部傈僳语。“不论遇到老人小孩，男人女人都用傈僳语对话，听不懂的词语一句也不放过，一问再问，然后用笔记本记下来，还特向民间艺人求教丰富多彩的词汇、词语。”晚年的史富相在他的回忆录中写道。“那时在木城坡村有两个很会唱傈僳族调子的老妈妈，杨主动找上门请两位老妈妈唱傈僳调子，开始两位老人都很拘束，后来就壮着胆子唱了几天，杨思慧夫妇都一一作了记录。通过收集整理傈僳歌曲，杨思慧夫妇感到傈僳调中的语言对偶句式与《旧约全书》中‘箴言录’和‘大卫诗’的句式很相似，连打官司时也用对偶句来陈述和发问，这是最有特色的一种表达形式，是一种很珍贵的语言。杨思慧夫妇根据两位老人唱的对偶句式，修改整理了赞美诗歌集，还翻译完成了《旧约全书》中精选出来的一本小册了。” 在他们来到里吾底的第二年，怒江峡谷诞生了有史以来最宏大的一座建筑物，那便是可容纳几百人活动的里吾底大教堂。该教堂既是传教场所，也是一间大教室，除了屋项有一副木制的十字架，别无装饰，也即我们今日熟悉的，遍布于大峡谷所有村落的新式教堂的雏形。 阿益打和阿子打一面传教，一面与傈僳人朝夕相处，过中世纪的农耕生活，他们与中国边远地区这个淳朴民族之间产生了挚爱的情感，以致当他们赴省城昆明办事，或返回美国度假期间，无论是里吾底的村民，还是牧师夫妇自己，都感到那段日子过于漫长。由于思“乡”心切，加之难以搭乘在当时极为稀缺的现代交通工具，库克夫妇和他们的傈僳族助手曾徒步从昆明返回他们在怒江的家。他们花了十天，从省城走到大理，从那里到保山，又走了八天，再从保山步行十四天，最终返抵里吾底村。 翻译《圣经》和赞美诗的工作一直在继续，与整个过程相伴随的，除了田园诗般的欢愉和喜悦，更经历了难以想像的苦难与悲怆。先是牧师夫妇抚养的一名孤女因病离开了人世。那位金发女孩只留下了傈僳文姓名，村里人叫他阿杜玛。她爱唱爱笑，爱穿傈僳人的麻裙，常与村里人一同上山采摘野果，完全没有牧师养女的优越感，也从未流露作为孤女的苦闷和忧伤。在阿子打教唱赞美诗时，她与杨牧师的另一名养女总在一旁伴奏和领唱。死神却在其不满十七岁时，攫取了她。死后的阿杜玛被村民埋葬在杨牧师家菜园一角的栅栏下面。 继而是他们最亲密和得力的傈僳族助手旺丽，因一次外出砍竹不慎失足，摔成重伤。阿益打和阿子打亲自带领抬担架的村民，夜以继日，经过漫漫长路，将心爱的朋友送出大峡谷，前往有医疗条件的地方医治，旺丽却在途中病情恶化，在剧烈的疼痛中死去。在场的傈僳族和怒族教友泣不成声，阿子打为生前刚被立为牧师、改名摩西的旺丽合上双眼，悲恸地抬着死者的手说：“唉，多次用傈僳文誊写《新约全书》的摩西之手啊！” 《新约全书》的译校尚在继续，山外却传来新的噩耗。库克夫妇的挚友傅立叶牧师于1938年9月在保山逝世，这位英国人生前，曾在里吾底与库克夫妇共同度过许多难忘时光，从阿子打的深情缅怀中也可以看出，他们与里吾底人已水乳交融： “他博学多才，我们在里吾底的生活因他的到来而变得丰富，傈僳人尤其喜欢他用傈僳语同他们交谈。他会安详地坐在我们那架简单的小风琴前连续弹奏，从肖邦的波洛涅兹，到贝多芬的奏呜曲，全村的人都被他迷住了。……傅夫人来里吾底前还在为‘给养’的事担心，她哪里知道，热心的村民送来的乳酪、茶和其他的物品，已经令我们应接不暇呢。”1） 苦难并未到此结束，在史富相用汉语写作的回忆录中，我们读到了更令他们痛楚、悲伤的一页：“杨思慧之妻阿子打是位和蔼可亲的女牧师，也是一位救死扶伤的好医生，能说一口流利的傈僳语。每到礼拜天，是阿子打最忙碌是时候，信徒群众因病要药的人特别多。但她从不急躁厌烦，总是耐心地为他们一个接一个地看病，给药，打针。平时群众患有疾病或妇女生小孩，只要喊到她，不论白天黑夜，她都去病人家看病。她对小孩怀有一片慈母之心，每年都主动召集家长，为他们的小孩种牛痘或打天花预防针。她给群众看病治病，从不要报酬，总是无偿地服务与群众，深得群众的尊敬和爱戴。她还经常举办妇女培训班，传授妇幼卫生常识，包括如何操持家务，如何接物待人等方面的内容，使当的傈僳妇女获益匪浅。然而，好人薄命，这位德高望重的女牧师，在一次到南安甲教堂讲解《圣经》途中，由于走远路过度劳累，引起她身上的刀口发炎，被人搀扶着回家。后因杨思慧牧师外出未归无人护理，于1944年4月离世了，等到送葬的日子杨才回到家。杨思慧和当地的群众怀着悲痛的心情，把这位受人敬仰的女牧师安葬在她家园子中。……1947年，杨思慧的大儿子大卫来里吾底看望过他母亲的坟墓。”2） 这段记述使我想起诺贝尔文学奖得主赛珍珠对她的双亲的回忆。赛的父亲安德鲁是中文《圣经•新约全书》的翻译者，他在中国东部一个叫镇江的小城布道，并终老于斯；而他的妻子，赛珍珠的母亲凯丽的形象、气质以至行为举止，倘叙述与里吾底的傈僳人听，他们都不会感到陌生：她除了做虔敬的上帝之仆，更从亲身的体察意识到，苦难者的灵魂固然需要得到拯救，而他们的身体也同样须给予关切。她是布道者，也是妇幼医生、教人认字的老师和普通的母亲。她同样没再回自己的祖国…… 里吾底人记得当年阿子打哀悼旺丽的情形，现在她却成为全村悲悼的对象。教徒们呼唤着她的傈僳名字，不信教的人也为村里失去了这位助人为乐、和蔼可亲的妇人而哀恸。阿益打仍在继续傈僳文《圣经》的翻译，在他每日伏案工作的时候，眼前不停浮现出已故的傅立叶牧师、旺丽、阿杜玛和阿子打的面容和身影：在一种愉快的气氛中，虔敬而忠厚的摩西正在誊写译文，聪慧贤淑的Leila正在斟酌词句，声音悦耳的阿杜玛正在吟唱刚译好的歌词，英国人则语重心长的告诫：要把《圣经》翻译好，没有傈僳人参与是绝对不行的，大堂里充满欢声笑语。 这一切都已成为往事，围绕着他的只有孤寂和黑暗。他时常想乘风而去，与爱妻会合，以致难以自恃，从工作室疾奔向村外高耸的绝壁，回望里吾底，只见炊烟袅袅，牧归的傈僳人正在沐浴着夕阳，缓缓由山麓向台地上的村庄移动，从视线中经过的山民，即使隔着几百米，也恭敬地向他们的牧师问安致意。上帝赐予了这个民族惊人的美丽，他想，而阿子打仍在他们中间。在那一刻阿益打感觉到，他对上帝的爱，对傈僳人的爱以及对亲友的爱已融为一体。他感谢上帝的差遣，令他得以与傈僳人相濡以沫地度过这段难忘人生。为他们完成傈僳文《圣经》翻译，是他毕生最大的使命，也是他与妻子的约定。 阿益打原来打算只将一个有选择的《圣经》简明译本留给傈僳人，他担心原封不动地翻译古犹太民族的经典，不易为质朴的傈僳人接受。《新约全书》译出之后，他本以为工作可告一段落，傈僳信众却主张将新、旧约通译出来。阿兰•库克牧师于1947年离开中国，《新、旧约全书》的翻译由他培养的傈僳族教牧人员继续着，此项工作一直持续到60年代。1968年傈僳文《新、旧约全书》在香港正式出版，被誉为傈僳族文化史上一件盛事。此前，阿兰•库克在美国俄勒冈州审阅、修订了全书。 库克牧师离开里吾底村时，基督徒在该村人口中所占比例，为百分之十五左右。半个世纪后，整个大峡谷大部分傈僳村落，教徒在人口中的比例超过了百分之七十。在我熟悉的赤洒底和阿塔斯朵村，教徒意味着除少数生意人之外的全体村民。然而教徒携带的那两部厚书上，并未印上述翻译者的姓名，阿益打、阿子打的故事，仅在里吾底的傈僳人中以口头相传。阿兰•库克于20年代开始翻译这两部书的时候，Sinderwood公司为他特制了一部傈僳文打字机，直到九十岁高龄时，他仍坐在那架打字机前，编写《圣经》讲义，然后分别寄给各地的傈僳族教会。他在去世前，特意请人将那台打字机转交远在缅甸的一名傈僳族弟子，表达他对那个在他的国家鲜为人知的亚洲少数民族的思念。 我亲耳从傈僳人中听到阿子打的名字，是在1998年。我按原路踏勘了当年阿益打和阿子打从既江西岸上山去里吾底的路线，那条路比我预想的艰险漫长。里吾底的实际位置使它并不能直接面对奔涌的怒江，一道岩石山体犹如屏风，隔在怒江与里吾底所在的高山之间，绕过它才能找到隐蔽在密林中，通向里吾底的盘山小径。 七十岁的阿普加老人曾是阿子打的学生，老人将我领到恩师阿子打在里吾底活动的旧址。曾经在怒江大峡谷声名显赫的“里吾底大教堂”，经多次翻修已面目全非，它现在看上去，只是整个大峡谷无数乡村教堂中极普通的一个，而阿子打和阿益打的住宅，也已荡然无存。虽然里吾底人对他们的敬仰与日俱增，但显然尚未形成保护“文物”的概念和意识。 阿普加的童年回忆充满温情：十二岁以前，他白天放牛，晚间到阿子打的夜校念书。洋人从开始起，便喜欢采取他们擅长和习惯的“物质刺激”小伎俩，以笼络人心。阿普加说，在阿子打的夜校所学功课，有傈僳文、算术和英文，阿子打鼓励孩子们将所有课文背下来，每完整背下一段课文，可奖励一堆糖果或一枝铅笔。大体上，阿普加所言，并未超出老县长史富相的回忆录涉及的内容，他只再三回忆杨牧师夫妇与里吾底人如何同吃同住，相亲相爱。 “没有一个外面的人能在里吾底住几十年，” 阿普加说，“他们来的时候，就已准备老死在里吾底。再也不会有这样的人。” 他说，阿子打的一个儿子曾于1994年再度从美国来到怒江。但已经老迈的阿子打后人，没能走到里吾底，他在靠近江边的地方，已被高山反应击倒。阿子打的儿子只能在山下遥望云端中的里吾底，向他的母亲致意。 注释： 1、 Geraldine Taylor, Behind the Ranges, First Published 1944,OMF Books 2、 史富相：《傅能仁、巴东和杨思慧夫妇》，《福贡文史资料第七辑》。 *本文为边缘部落丛书《福音谷》中的一节。河北教育出版社。2003年2月第一版。 在未知的中国在未知的中国 / (英)柏格理等著; 东人达,东旻翻译/注释. 昆明: 云南民族出版社, 2002 10,806页: 照片; 21cm ISBN 7-5367-2353-9: CNY50.00 从1885年至中华人民共和国建立,基督教新教的英国卫理公会(即循道公会)在我国西南进行了长期活动。本书全面记述了基督教循道公会在黔、滇、川毗邻民族地区传播的整个历史过程。 《在未知的中国》一书于 2002 年 1 月由云南民族出版社出版。该书收录了英人柏格理、邰慕廉、王树德、甘铎理、张绍乔、张继乔等人关于黔、滇、川地区基督教传播的著述，译者为本中心兼职教授、课题组成员东人达及东旻先生，并做注释。 该书目录如下： 柏格理著 《中国历险记》 第—章 谋杀 第二章 淹溺 第三章 和火灾战斗 第四章 一位发狂的苗家妇女 第五章 我们如逃脱绑架 第六章 同天花搏斗 第七章 营救勇敢的姑娘 第八章 “金凤凰”与“黑狗熊” 第九章 门道里的刺客 第十章 伴自杀者冒险 第十一章 死亡之室 第十二章 死坐逃生 第十三章 午夜被抓 柏格理、邰慕廉著《苗族纪实》 序言 第一章 在世界的屋顶上 第二章 寻找 第三章 山里的芸芸众生 第四章 进入危险地带 第五章 如潮涌来 第六章 石门坎 第七章 奇妙的五镑小屋 第八章 获得丰收 第九章 三个设在边远地带的著名传教点 第十章 上帝的爱心之花 第十一章 困境 第十二章 集腋成裘 结 语 最后七年的岁月 柏格理著 《在未知的中国》 第一章 佩带珊瑚串珠的姑娘 第二章 在自己发祥地的扬子江 第三章 白色塔楼的秘密 第四章 中国西南的土著居民 第五章 走下渡口 第六章 赢得我们的第一场竞赛 第七章 揭开而纱 第八章 在诺苏地域的首次逗留 第九章 求婚与背水 第十章 一顿诺苏风味的晚餐 第十一章 山谷中的庄园 第十二章 火塘边的奇谈 第十三章 封建体制 第十四章 土目的故事 第十五章 再谈土目 第十六章 原住民的品行 第十七章 神秘的三重奏 第十八章 再向前行进 第十九章 我们如何制止冤家械斗 第二十章 前面的急流 第二十一章 更多的奇谈与惟一的姑娘 第二十二章 友好的寡妇人家 第二十三章 山中的交战与劫掠情况 第二十四章 为鬼怪所支配 第二十五章 书面语与手抄本典籍 第二十六章 返回危险地带 第二十七章 密谋的失败 第二十八章 翻山越岭回家 第二十九章 质疑：对汉人的潜在威胁 第三十章 坦率的将军与自负的画家 第三十一章 环绕着佩戴珊瑚串珠姑娘的石块 王树德著 《石门坎与花苗》 第一章 谁是花苗 第二章 在沮丧的深渊中——人群写照 第三章 跳出困境石门坎的故事 第四章 涨潮与退潮——苗族教会纪实 第五章 朦胧的雕像——苗族基督徒描述 第六章 苗族学校和学者 第七章 挑战 结 语 甘铎理著 《在云的那一边——柏格理传记》 R.Elliortt Kendall:Beyond the Clouds-the Story of Samucl Pollard of Southwest China 序 前言 第一章 变革 第二章 西部乡村 第三章 早期岁月 第四章 看不到希望的两年 第五章 饥荒 第六章 剥夺 第七章 站在门口的四个人 第八章 迫害 第九章 转变 第十章 挨打 第十一章 扩展 第十二章 死亡 第十三章 机会 甘铎理 (编辑)《柏格理日记》 Edited by R．Elliott Kendall：Eyes of the Earth-the Diary Of Samuel Pollard 前言 第一章 云南之行 第二章 在昆明 第三章 从昆明到昭通的一次旅行 第四章 返回云南 第五章 在会泽 第六章 昭通 第七章 义和团造反 第八章 在云南和诺苏区域旅行 第九章 进入凉山 第十章 苗族人的到来 第十一章 土目 第十二章 苗寨 第十三章 遭打 第十四章 穿越俄国 第十五章 牧师 第十六章 巫师与暴君 第十七章 老虎 第十八章 最后的岁月 后记 张绍乔、张继乔著 《张道惠夫妇在石门坎》 (1904～1926年) The Revs．R．K．and P．K．Parsons：The Ministry Of the Rev．and Mrs Harry Parsons at Shimenkan,S.W.China (1904—1926) 惟江上之清风，与山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色。 October 08 转 沈红 一文沈红 感念张继乔先生
《人民日报》 (2006年02月07日 第十五版) 今天的收获1.
毕业了,还要做什么
未雨绸缪,
这段时间头脑里有个选题一直嗡嗡嗡
今天初步确定,
一个贵州社区的宗教社会学研究,
2年前曾经有过类似的念头
冥冥中前定似的
最近又想了想,
如果申请博士后,这个选题应该有意思,
也有意义
沈红的写贵州石门坎苗族与现代性,宗教遭遇的博士论文
给我许多启发
(苏国勋老师对沈红的论文评价极高,今年所里毕业生的三个"优"之一,
沈红有苗族血统,是沈从文的孙女,长期作贫困与发展研究)
此外,王笛的成都市民社会史研究也有一些启发
2.
在高冬梅博客上看到<告别的摇滚>,
10年前？？在遵义西西弗租屋里颓废时听过
邓丽君的歌，摇滚唱法
曾经心动
10年后再动
1.再见！我的爱人(臧天朔)
2.甜蜜蜜(郑钧) 3.酒醉的探戈(轮回) 4.爱人(黑豹) 5.夜色(群星) 6.路边的野花不要采(臧天朔) 7.独上西楼(唐朝) 8.在水一方(轮回) 9.船歌(郑钧) ３．
在花溪公园跑步，打羽毛球
重新过健康生活
已经回花溪但是,
不能外出,极少可能会朋友
因为,
要写论文,
闭关
原谅我者,知我者,谓我心忧
计划,春节前完成 |
|
|
